Space technology is technology that is related to entering space, maintaining and using systems during spaceflight and returning people and things from space.

One aerospace consultancy, VEGA, believes that ensuring cost effectiveness, risk reduction and seeking international cooperation, are the key factors in maintaining the momentum of the space exploration programmes and their success.

In addition to NASA’s vision to return to the moon, ESA’s Aurora programme, the European national lunar mission studies (Germany, UK, Italy, France), and the exploration activities of Japan, China, Russia and India, there are several entrepreneurial activities developing technologies to enable access to space for mankind.

For centuries our scientists and astronomers have shaped how the world is seen and they continue to add to our knowledge of the Universe through space missions and ground-based science.

The following list highlights some of the most important
discoveries for science as well as key missions involving British scientists and engineers.

1668 – Sir Isaac Newton builds the first reflecting telescope. Over 300 years later, Newton’s invention forms the basis of the Hubble Space Telescope.

1675 – John Flamsteed becomes the first Astronomer Royal at The Royal Observatory in Greenwich.

1687 – Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, possibly the most important book in the history of science. It contains his theory of universal gravitation, marking the beginning of modern astronomy.

1705 – Edmund Halley correctly predicts that a comet seen in 1682 would reappear in 1758. The comet, now named after Halley, is visible from Earth every 7576 years. It featured in the famous Bayeux Tapestry, was last seen from Earth in 1986 and observed in close-up by ESA’s Giotto spacecraft. The comet will return in 2061.

1781 – William Herschel, a German musician who spent his whole life in England, discovers the planet Uranus with a mirror telescope of his own creation.

1798 – Henry Cavendish, an English chemist and physicist, first measures the force of gravity between two objects.

1846 – Calculations made by English mathematician John Couch Adams enable Johann Galle to see Neptune for the first time.

1856 – Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell proves that Saturn’s rings are not solid, liquid or gaseous but are actually made up of different independent particles.

1897 – JJ Thompson, a leading English mathematician and physicist of the late 19th century, discovers the electron.

1919 – During an expedition to view a solar eclipse in Africa, English astrophysicist Arthur Eddington proves Einstein’s prediction that gravity bends light.

1932 – English physicist James Chadwick proves the existence of neutrons.

1957 – Launch of first British Skylark sounding rocket.

1957 – The UK’s massive Jodrell Bank radio telescope becomes operational.

1957 – Sputnik becomes the first manmade object to enter orbit.

1957 – Russian dog Laika becomes the first creature to be launched into space.

1959 – In September Soviets crash land a probe on the Moon. A few weeks later Lunik 3 sends back the first pictures of the far side of the Moon.

1959 – First meeting of the British National Committee on Space. This is the first committee to advise the government on space issues. Later in the year, Harold Macmillan announces a new British space research programme.

1961 – Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man to orbit the Earth and returns a hero.

1962 – The first international satellite, Ariel 1, is launched. Built by NASA, it contained six instruments developed by British scientists.

1963 – Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.

1963 – The British Government establishes the Space Research Management Unit, a forerunner of the BNSC.

1965 – Cosmonaut Alexi Leonov is the first person to ‘walk’ in space.

1967 – The first all British satellite, Ariel 3, is launched.

1969 – On 21 July, Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the surface of the Moon.

1971 – British Prospero satellite launched on British Black Arrow launch vehicle.

1975 – The European Space Agency (ESA) is established with the UK, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland as founder members.

1976 – America’s Viking I spacecraft lands on Mars and sends back the first photographs of the planet’s surface.

1979 – The first European-built rocket, Ariane 1, successfully completes its maiden flight.

1980 – The Voyager 1 space probe sends back vivid images of Saturn.

1985 – The British Government sets up the BNSC.

1986 – Space station Mir is launched by the Soviet Union.

1988 – Professor Stephen Hawking publishes A Brief History of Time, the most influential book about space written in the last 100 years.

1990 – The Hubble Space Telescope is launched.

1991 – Helen Sharman from Sheffield becomes the first Briton in space when she joins the crew for Project Juno. This was a Soviet mission, partly funded by British companies.

1992 – Michael Foale becomes the first British-born man in space, as part of the crew for the Space Shuttle mission STS45.

1995 – The joint NASA/ESA Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is launched.

1997 – The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft, a joint mission between NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency, is launched to Saturn.

1997 – The Pathfinder robot begins its exploration of Mars.

2001 – The Aurora project begins, with the first launch due in 2011.

2002 – Piers Sellers joins the crew of the STS112 mission and becomes the third British-born astronaut in space.

2002 – The first satellite for the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) is launched. All five satellites in the group have been built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.

2003 – The launch of Mars Express.

2003 – Europe’s first mission to the Moon, Smart1, is launched.

2003 – China succeeds in sending its first manned spacecraft into orbit.

2003 – Mars Express arrives in orbit. It releases the Beagle 2 probe but the signal from the lander is lost.

2004 – ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft launched on its way to a rendezvous with Comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko.

2004 – The Mercury Messenger mission is launched to the Sun’s closest planet.

2005 – The Huygens probe begins its descent through Titan’s atmosphere. The first part of the probe to land on Titan was built in Britain.

2005 – The European Venus Express mission is launched and Mars Express sends back images of the Red Planet.

2005 – The world’s largest and most sophisticated civilian telecommunications satellite, UK-built Inmarsat4 f1, goes into orbit.

2005 – Launch of GioveA, the first satellite in the Galileo global positioning system.

2006 – NASA’s New Horizons mission heads for the outer reaches of our Solar System towards Pluto and the Kuiper Belt.

2006 – Venus Express reaches its final orbit and begins to send back data.

2006 – Solar B, later renamed Hinode, is launched. This three year mission to study the Sun involves ESA and the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).

2006 – After a highly successful mission, Smart1 undergoes a controlled ‘crash’ into the Moon.

2007 – Japan launches Kaguya (formerly SELENE) for a global survey of the Moon.

2008 – India’s first mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, is due for launch.

Space science is the study of everything above and beyond the surface of the Earth, from Earth’s atmosphere to the very edges of the universe. Space Technology refers to the technology in satellites and ground systems used by space scientists to study the universe (looking up) and the earth (looking down), or to deliver services to users on the ground. The vast majority of satellites are launched into space to provide services to people on Earth.

Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon. Space is the property of the universe, in which matter is physically extended and objects have positions relative to one another.

In classical mechanics, space was treated as being separate from time and is thought of as one of the few fundamental physical quantities. In Isaac Newton’s view space was absolute, and held that it exists permanently and independently of whether there is any matter in the space or moving through it.

Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War.

The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1 (East 1), carrying 27 year old cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on April 12, 1961. The spacecraft completed one orbit around the globe, lasting about 1 hour and 48 minutes. Gagarin’s flight resonated around the world; it was a demonstration of the advanced Soviet space program and it opened an entirely new era in space exploration — human spaceflight.

Space Shuttle Discovery (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the three currently operational orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet of NASA, the space agency of the United States. (The other two are Atlantis and Endeavour.) When first flown in 1984, Discovery became the third operational orbiter, and is now the oldest orbiter in service. Discovery has performed both research and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions.

Space technology is technology that is related to entering space, maintaining and using systems during spaceflight and returning people and things from space.

Space technology has a huge impact on the everyday lives of people; and something as simple as checking the weather or watching satellite television or receiving a parcel guided by satellite, it touches most people’s lives on any given day.

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On 2nd July 1967, a satellite picked up a huge burst of gamma rays. Was it evidence of a nuclear bomb test in space? Or was it from a much bigger explosion in deep space? Can Einstein’s famous physics equation E=MC2 help? Watch this video from BBC science show ‘Death Star’ to find out more.

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Selvam is a Copywriter of space station
He had written various articles in different topics on Latest Science and Technology. For more information visit: space technology

Contact him at selvam.seo@gmail.com

The vision was clear as day in early1961. By the time it went through the inevitable stages of planning, more planning, red tape and finally the execution, almost two decades passed. But in the 8th of October, 1980, there were many proud people looking on as they saw the culmination of a dream that finally came true.

The dream was the Hong Kong Space Museum, a museum that looks to the stars and to the future, not the past. Situated in Tsim Sha Tsui, the museum is intended to encourage interest in space science and astronomy, two fields that will soar in the near future.

Though the idea was conceived in 1961, it was a decade before a working group was set up to study other such establishments abroad. In 1974, something more concrete was done – the actual contract was signed, with the Carl Zeiss Company, for all the equipment, for a whopping HK$3,050,000. It took a further three years before actual construction started, in 1977, but from then it went quickly. The actual construction only took three years, and Hong Kong Space Museum was declared open in 1980.

Even if it took so long for the vision to become reality, the result is more than just impressive. It has become one of the most easily recognized landmarks in Hong Kong, with its 8000 square meter egg shaped dome.

The dome is part of the main wing, the east wing, of the museum. The Stanley Ho Space Theater and the Hall of Space Science as well as the offices and the like, are part of the east wing. The west wing contains the Hall of Astronomy and the Lecture Hall.

The museum has two themes, and has one floor dedicated to each theme – space science and astronomy. Both floors are filled with interactive exhibits and displays that welcome and encourage visitors to learn.

Visit Hong Kong to enjoy everything from the ancient Chinese traditions to the modern multifarious culture. Whether you are in Hong Kong for leisure or adventure, a <a rel=”nofollow” target=”_blank” href=”http://hongkong.langhamhotels.com/”target=”_blank”>Kowloon hotel</a> can provide you easy access to both the central and the suburbs. If you are particular about luxury, try the <a rel=”nofollow” target=”_blank” href=”http://hongkong.langhamhotels.com/”target=”_blank”>Langham Hotel Hong Kong</a>, which is among the finest hotels in Hong Kong.

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Scientists attempt to find a unit of measurement to chart the distance and speed of gamma ray bursts. Can any astronomers find the key afterglow and identify where in the universe these explosions are happening? Watch this great clip from BBC science show ‘Death Star’ to find out.

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Ideas please, thanks!

About Author

Naveen Marasinghe is an Online Marketing Executive at eMarketingEye which is a search engine marketing agency that offers integrated Internet marketing solutions and specializes in serving the online travel and hospitality industry. (http://www.emarketingeye.com/ )

Britain’s contribution to space science began hundreds of years before Prime Minister Harold Macmillan announced a new British space research programme in 1959.

For centuries our scientists and astronomers have shaped how the world is seen and they continue to add to our knowledge of the Universe through space missions and ground-based science.

The following list highlights some of the most important
discoveries for science as well as key missions involving British scientists and engineers.

1668 – Sir Isaac Newton builds the first reflecting telescope. Over 300 years later, Newton’s invention forms the basis of the Hubble Space Telescope.

1675 – John Flamsteed becomes the first Astronomer Royal at The Royal Observatory in Greenwich.

1687 – Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, possibly the most important book in the history of science. It contains his theory of universal gravitation, marking the beginning of modern astronomy.

1705 – Edmund Halley correctly predicts that a comet seen in 1682 would reappear in 1758. The comet, now named after Halley, is visible from Earth every 7576 years. It featured in the famous Bayeux Tapestry, was last seen from Earth in 1986 and observed in close-up by ESA’s Giotto spacecraft. The comet will return in 2061.

1781 – William Herschel, a German musician who spent his whole life in England, discovers the planet Uranus with a mirror telescope of his own creation.

1798 – Henry Cavendish, an English chemist and physicist, first measures the force of gravity between two objects.

1846 – Calculations made by English mathematician John Couch Adams enable Johann Galle to see Neptune for the first time.

1856 – Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell proves that Saturn’s rings are not solid, liquid or gaseous but are actually made up of different independent particles.

1897 – JJ Thompson, a leading English mathematician and physicist of the late 19th century, discovers the electron.

1919 – During an expedition to view a solar eclipse in Africa, English astrophysicist Arthur Eddington proves Einstein’s prediction that gravity bends light.

1932 – English physicist James Chadwick proves the existence of neutrons.

1957 – Launch of first British Skylark sounding rocket.

1957 – The UK’s massive Jodrell Bank radio telescope becomes operational.

1957 – Sputnik becomes the first manmade object to enter orbit.

1957 – Russian dog Laika becomes the first creature to be launched into space.

1959 – In September Soviets crash land a probe on the Moon. A few weeks later Lunik 3 sends back the first pictures of the far side of the Moon.

1959 – First meeting of the British National Committee on Space. This is the first committee to advise the government on space issues. Later in the year, Harold Macmillan announces a new British space research programme.

1961 – Yuri Gagarin becomes the first man to orbit the Earth and returns a hero.

1962 – The first international satellite, Ariel 1, is launched. Built by NASA, it contained six instruments developed by British scientists.

1963 – Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.

1963 – The British Government establishes the Space Research Management Unit, a forerunner of the BNSC.

1965 – Cosmonaut Alexi Leonov is the first person to ‘walk’ in space.

1967 – The first all British satellite, Ariel 3, is launched.

1969 – On 21 July, Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to set foot on the surface of the Moon.

1971 – British Prospero satellite launched on British Black Arrow launch vehicle.

1975 – The European Space Agency (ESA) is established with the UK, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland as founder members.

1976 – America’s Viking I spacecraft lands on Mars and sends back the first photographs of the planet’s surface.

1979 – The first European-built rocket, Ariane 1, successfully completes its maiden flight.

1980 – The Voyager 1 space probe sends back vivid images of Saturn.

1985 – The British Government sets up the BNSC.

1986 – Space station Mir is launched by the Soviet Union.

1988 – Professor Stephen Hawking publishes A Brief History of Time, the most influential book about space written in the last 100 years.

1990 – The Hubble Space Telescope is launched.

1991 – Helen Sharman from Sheffield becomes the first Briton in space when she joins the crew for Project Juno. This was a Soviet mission, partly funded by British companies.

1992 – Michael Foale becomes the first British-born man in space, as part of the crew for the Space Shuttle mission STS45.

1995 – The joint NASA/ESA Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is launched.

1997 – The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft, a joint mission between NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency, is launched to Saturn.

1997 – The Pathfinder robot begins its exploration of Mars.

2001 – The Aurora project begins, with the first launch due in 2011.

2002 – Piers Sellers joins the crew of the STS112 mission and becomes the third British-born astronaut in space.

2002 – The first satellite for the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) is launched. All five satellites in the group have been built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.

2003 – The launch of Mars Express.

2003 – Europe’s first mission to the Moon, Smart1, is launched.

2003 – China succeeds in sending its first manned spacecraft into orbit.

2003 – Mars Express arrives in orbit. It releases the Beagle 2 probe but the signal from the lander is lost.

2004 – ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft launched on its way to a rendezvous with Comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko.

2004 – The Mercury Messenger mission is launched to the Sun’s closest planet.

2005 – The Huygens probe begins its descent through Titan’s atmosphere. The first part of the probe to land on Titan was built in Britain.

2005 – The European Venus Express mission is launched and Mars Express sends back images of the Red Planet.

2005 – The world’s largest and most sophisticated civilian telecommunications satellite, UK-built Inmarsat4 f1, goes into orbit.

2005 – Launch of GioveA, the first satellite in the Galileo global positioning system.

2006 – NASA’s New Horizons mission heads for the outer reaches of our Solar System towards Pluto and the Kuiper Belt.

2006 – Venus Express reaches its final orbit and begins to send back data.

2006 – Solar B, later renamed Hinode, is launched. This three year mission to study the Sun involves ESA and the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).

2006 – After a highly successful mission, Smart1 undergoes a controlled ‘crash’ into the Moon.

2007 – Japan launches Kaguya (formerly SELENE) for a global survey of the Moon.

2008 – India’s first mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan-1, is due for launch.

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Astronaut and spacewalker Dr. Scott Parazynski talks to teachers about preparing for a Challenger Learning Center space simulation with their students. … Scott Parazynski astronaut Challenger Center education space science

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About Author

Mejo is a Copywriter of

Space Station Technology
He had written various articles in different topics on Latest Science and Technology. For more information visit:
Space Shuttle Discovery
Contact him at

naturesgiftinfo@gmail.com

Teaching astronomy or other space sciences? Developing a Web portal or teaching materials for a course? Space Icons http://www.777icons.com/libs/space-icons.htm will make your portal or printed matters look modern and professional right away. Designed to enhance educational portals, student projects and Web sites, as well as software and printed brochures and handouts, Space Icons look strict and formal wherever they are used.

The library consists of sixty images, and contains various symbols of the space thematic. Space Icons include images of Astronaut and Astronomy, Constellations and Comets, Solar Eclipse, Spacecraft, Earth and all planets of the solar system, Sun, Satellite, Nova, Scientist, Galaxy, Radiation, Telescope, Rocket, Shuttle, and many more.

Studying or teaching courses like Astronautics, Space Travel, Non-Earth Planetary Science, or Biology of Other Planets? Earth and the planets of the solar system are easily recognizable, and drawn scaled to their sizes. Involved into Astrophysics, Galactic Science, or Stellar Science? The library has images of Stars, Nova, Galactic, and objects such as Meteorite. Space Icons depict multiple objects and symbols in the areas of space science, technology, and space engineering.

Each image in the Space Icons library is meticulously designed to match every other icon in style and gamma. All images are professionally drawn to be put on educational portals, teacher and student Web sites. The available high-resolution variants of 256×256 pixels are included with the library, and allow printing booklets and other printed matters of perfect quality.

Technical specifications of the Space Icons library are highly impressive. The library contains all resolutions of 256×256, 48×48, 32×32, 24×24, 20×20, and 16×16 pixels for every image. Each image comes in both True Color and 256-color versions, making it possible to use images in software products in addition to Web sites, portals, brochures and handouts. The entire library is supplied in ICO, GIF, PNG, and BMP formats. All images are readily available for download and use, and do not have any royalty fees. The preview of the Space Icons library is available at http://www.777icons.com/libs/space-icons.htm

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Waves in a Large Free Sphere of Water – An experiment at the International Space Station. … space science

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Since SibCode’s founding in 2005 and as of 2008, Dmitry Costenco develops web sites. He works for quality web interface, which will help to web surfers.

I am fortunate to be living in a region of Australia with one of the richest Aboriginal cultures and a living history. North East Arnhem land in the Northern Territory is located at the confluence of the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpenteria. As an Avid Astronomer I am always on the lookout for an opportunity to share the night sky with others. This day the two came together in a beautiful symmetry.

Sharing the delights of North East Arnhem land with Visitors is always a satisfying experience in it self. A crystal clear stream teaming with beautiful fish, bush land alive with the sound and movement of tropical birds and lunch shared with friends really sets the scene well.

Follow this up with a lazy afternoon on a white sandy beach cradled by Ochre red cliffs with a backdrop of Coastal Rain forest and you have to wonder can it get any better than this!

The final stop for the day was to be the open Coastal plain known as Macassans (local spelling) Beach. Fringed with Casuarina trees that seemed to sing in the wind, as the dry season sea breeze whistled through their pale green pine like leaves.

To put you in the picture, the Aboriginal people of NE Arnhemland are called the Yolngu People, The Language is Known as Yolngu Mata. Not all the words in their language originate from our shores though. The Makassan people of Sulawesi (now part of Indonesia) had been trading with the Yolngu people 200 years before Australia was even colonized by Europeans. The Makassan’s have had a material influence on the Yolngu People including the addition of many words to their already rich language.

We had just finished looking at the “Macassan” stone drawings, a very significant site for the local Yolngu people.

I looked up (as you do often when you are an astronomer!) and there the IIS was, high overhead and bright as can be. The ISS was traveling from North West to South East and was as bright as the Planet Jupiter. It was only afterwards that I made the link with the Makassan people sailing on their annual trading journey to the Yolngu homelands in NE Arnhem land, coming from the northwest into the southeast . Just as the ISS had done before our eyes, high above the stone pictures of the arriving Makassan ships, laid down in the late 18th Century!

What a contrast the ISS is to the Makassan sailing ships of old that plied a trade with the Yolngu people 200 years before Europeans were even in this country, let alone flying through space.

Yet the similarities are still there, people of different races bought together through a knowledge of the stars. For surely the Makassan ’s must have navigated their way here by the position of the stars and the Yolngu people anticipated their arrival by their own celestial calendar. Just as the ISS brings people of all Nations together in the pursuit of Space Science, as we work out our own place in the universe. With ever more accurate distances plotted to stars in our galactic neighborhood and an insatiable desire to discover a habitable planet around another star.

The “Macassan” Pictures and the passage of the ISS was a real treat for everyone present and one that will be remembered for a long time to come. Keep looking up, you never know what you might see!

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Whether it’s Star Trek’s USS Enterprise, or the iconic space station from 2001: A Space Odyssey, science fiction has always provided inspiration and ideas for the scientists and engineers that design and build real spacecraft. The, at times, fine line between science fiction literature and the developments in real life space activities provides the backdrop to ESA’s latest Space-in-Bytes video lesson release, titled “Science fiction – science fact”….

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About Author

Ian Maclean: Author, Presenter and Science Show host
Discover the night sky’s hidden secrets for yourself at
http://www.nightskysecrets.com
Hear podcasts from my weekly radio show The Science Hour, all the latest science news at
http://www.askthescienceguru.com